Gandharan Art Bibliography (GAB)

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Morgan, L. and Olivieri, L. M., The view from Malakand: Harold Deane’s ‘Note on Udyana and Gandhara’, Act-Field School Project Reports and Memoirs Archival Studies, no. 3 Oxford: 2022. https://www.beazley.ox.ac.uk/XDB/DMS/9781803272078.pdf.

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Abdullaev, K., "Nomad migration in Central Asia," in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam, Cribb, J., Ed. and Hermann, G. , Ed. Oxford: 2007, p. 73-98

Abdur, Rahman, "The role of Uḍis and Aprācas in the spread of Buddhism: a lost chapter of the history of Gandhara," Lahore Museum Bulletin vol. 12 1999, p. 13-18

Abe, K., "Inside the Wonder House: Buddhist art and the west," in Curators of the Buddha: the study of Buddhism under colonialism, Lopez, D. S., Ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995

Adamec, L.W., Historical and political gazetteer of Afghanistan. Vol. 6. Kabul and southeastern Afghanistan Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1985

Allon, M. and Salomon, R., "New evidence for Mahayana in early Gandhara," The Eastern Buddhist vol. 41, no. 1 2010, p. 1-22

Allon, M., "A unique Gāndhārī monastic ledger recording gifts by Vima Kadphises (studies in Gāndhārī manuscripts 2)," Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies vol. 42 2019, p. 1-46

Allon, M., "Recent discoveries of Buddhist manuscripts from Afghanistan and Pakistan and their significance," in Art, architecture and religion along the silk roads, Ken, Parry, Ed. Turnhout: 2008, p. 153-158. https://www.academia.edu/35761876/Recent_Discoveries_of_Buddhist_Manuscripts_from_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan_The_Heritage_of_the_Greeks_in_the_North_west_2007?email_work_card=title.

Allon, M., "The formation of canons in the early Indian Nikāyas or schools in the light of the new Gāndhārī manuscript finds," Buddhist Studies Review vol. 35, no. 1-2 2018, p. 225-244

Allon, M., Salomon, R., Jacobsen, G. and Zoppi, U. , "Radiocarbon dating of Kharoṣṭhī fragments from the Schøyen and Senior Manuscript Collections," in Buddhist manuscripts, Volume III. Manuscripts in the Schøyen Collection, Braarvig, J., Ed. Oslo: Hermes Publishing , 2006, p. 279-91

Allsen, T.T., Culture and conquest in Mongol Eurasia Cambridge: Cambridge , 2008

Altheim, F. and Stiehl, R., "The Greek-Aramaic bilingual inscription of Kandahar and its philological importance," East and West vol. 10 1959, p. 243-260

Anooshahr, A., The Ghazni Sultans and the Frontiers of Islam: a comparative study of the late medieval and early modern periods London and New York: Routledge, 2009

Antonetti, C. and Biagi, P., With Alexander in India and Central Asia: moving east and back to west Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2017

Bakker, H., The Alkhan: a Hunnic people in South Asia Groningen : Barkhuis, 2020. https://www.academia.edu/42187077/_ERC_The_Alkhan._A_Hunnic_People_in_South_Asia?auto=download&campaign=weekly_digest.

Ball, W., "The Sasanian empire and the east. A summary of the evidence and its implications for Rome," in Sasanian Persia: between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia, Sauer, E. W., Ed. Edinburgh: EUP, 2017

Ball, W., Bordeaux, O., MacDowall, D. W., Sims-Williams, N. and Taddei, M., "From the Kushans to the Shahis," in The archaeology of Afghanistan. From earliest times to the Timurid period, Allchin, R., Ed., Hammond, N., Ed. and revised and updated by Ball, W. and Hammond, N. , Ed. Edinburgh: 2019

Ball, Warwick, Rome in the East: The Transformation of an Empire Abingdon and New York: Routledge, 2000

Barfield, T., The perilous frontier: nomadic empires and China, 221BC to AD1757 London: John Wiley & Sons, 1992

Baumer, C., The history of Central Asia: the age of decline and revival London: I.B. Tauris, 2018

Baumer, C., The history of Central Asia: the age of Islam and the Mongols London: I.B. Tauris, 2016

Baumer, C., The history of Central Asia: the age of the steppe warriors London: I.B. Tauris, 2012

Bayer, T.S., Historia regni graecorum bactriani: in qua simul graecarum in India coloniarum vetus memoria Petropolis [St. Petersburg]: Extypogr. Acad. scient., 1738

Bechert, H., "Notes on the formation of Buddhist sects and the origins of Mahāyāna," in German scholars on India vol. 1 Varanasi: 1973, p. 6-18

Bechert, H., "The problem of the determination of the date of the historical Buddha," Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde Südasiens vol. 33 1989, p. 93-120

Beckwith, C.I., Greek Buddha: Pyrrho’s encounter with early Buddhism in Central Asia Princeton: 2015

Begley, V., Francis, P., Mahadevan, I., Raman, K.V., Sidebotham, E., Slane, K.W. and Will, E.L., The ancient port of Arikamedu: new excavations and researches 1989-1992. Volume 2 Paris: Ecole Francaise d’Extreme-Orient , 2004

Benjamin, C., The Yuezhi - origin, migration and the conquest of northern Bactria Turnhout: Brepols, 2007

Benveniste, E. and Dupont-Sommer, A., "Une inscription indo-araméenne d’Asoka provenant de Kandahar," Journal Asiatique vol. 254 1966, p. 437-465

Benveniste, E., "Édits d’Asoka en traduction grecque," Journal Asiatique vol. 252 1964, p. 137-157

Berggren, J.L. and Alexander, J., Ptolemy’s Geography: an annotated translation of the theoretical chapters Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000

Bernard, P. and Grenet, F., Histoire et cultes de l’Asie centrale préislamique: sources écrites et documents archéologiques. Actes du colloque international du CNRS (Paris, 22-28 Novembre 1988) Paris: 1991

Bernard, P., "Alexandre et AÏ Khanoum," Journal des Savants 1982, p. 125-138. https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_1982_num_2_1_1447.

Bernard, P., "Alexandre et l’Asie centrale: reflexions à propos d’un ouvrage de F.L. Holt," Studia Iranica vol. 19 1990, p. 21-38

Bernard, P., "Alexandrie du Caucase ou Alexandrie de l’Oxus," Journal des Savants 1982, p. 217-42

Bernard, P., "Diodore XVII, 83, I: Alexandrie du Caucase ou Alexandrie de l’Oxus?," Journal des Savants 1982, p. 217-242. https://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_1982_num_3_1_1452.

Bernard, P., "Hellenistic Arachosia: a greek melting pot in action," East and West vol. 55 2005, p. 13-34

Bernard, P., "Langue et épigraphie grecques dans l’Asie Centrale à l’époque hellénistique," in Greek archaeology without frontiers, Todd, J.A., Ed., Komini-Dialeti, D., Ed. and Hatzivassilou, D., Ed., Open Science Lecture Series Athens: The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 2002

Bernard, P., "Le Marsyas d’Apamée, l’Oxus et la colonisation séleucide en Bactriane," Studia Iranica vol. 16, no. 1 1987, p. 103-115

Bernard, P., "Onomastique et histoire: les noms Soxrakès et Palamède dans la Bactriane kushane," Topoi vol. 11 2001 [2003], p. 283-320

Bernard, P., "The Greek kingdoms of Central Asia," in History of Civilizations of Central Asia vol. 2, Harmatta, J., Ed. Paris: 1994, p. 98-129

Bernard, P., "The Seleucids in Central Asia," in History of civilizations of Central Asia vol. 2, Harmatta, J., Ed. Paris: 1994, p. 88-97

Bernard, P., "Une nouvelle contribution soviétique à l’histoire des Kushans: la fouille de Dal’verzin-tépé (Uzbékistan)," Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrȇme-Orient vol. 68 1980, p. 313-348. https://www.persee.fr/doc/befeo_0336-1519_1980_num_68_1_3334.

Bernard, P., Les monnaies hors trésors - questions d’histoire Gréco-Bactrienne Paris: 1985

Bernard, P., Pinault, G.J. and Rougemount, G., "Deux nouvelles inscriptions grecque de l’Asie Centrale," Journal des Savants vol. 2004, no. 2 2004, p. 227-356

Bhandare, S., "Political transition in early 5th century Gujarat: a numismatic reappraisal based on silver issues of the western Kṣatrapas, the Guptas and their contemporaries," Numismatic Digest vol. 29-30 2006, p. 69-107

Biswas, A., The political history of the Hunas in India New Delhi: 1973

Bivar, A. D. H., "Maues at Taxila: Problems of his arrival-route and political allegiance," Journal of Central Asia vol. 7 1984, p. 5-15

Bongard-Levin, G. M., "Ancient India and the Graeco-Roman world," Indologica Taurinensia vol. 13 1986, p. 169-185

Boparachchi, O., "The posthumous coinage of Hermaios and the conquest of Gandhara by the Kushans," in Gandharan art in context, Allchin, R., Ed. and Allchin, B., Ed. Cambridge: 1997, p. 189-213

Bopearachchi, O. and Rahman, Aman ur, Pre-Kushana coins in Pakistan Karachi: 1995

Bopearachchi, O., "Alfred Foucher et les études numismatiques en Afghanistan," Comptes Rendus des Sèances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres vol. 151, no. 4 2007, p. 1875-1897. https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_2007_num_151_4_91589.

Bopearachchi, O., "Foreign powers in ancient northern India from the Bactrian Greeks until the time of the early Kushans," in Ancient Indian coins, Bopearachchi, O., Ed. and Pieper, W., Ed. Turnhout: 1998, p. 177-273

Bopearachchi, O., "King Milinda’s conversion to Buddhism: fact or fiction? ," Ancient Ceylon: Journal of the Archaeological Survey Department of Sri Lanka vol. 1 1990, p. 1-14

Bopearachchi, O., "L’indépendence de la Bactriane," Topoi Orient-Occident vol. 4 1994, p. 513-519

Bopearachchi, O., "La présence des Grecs en Asie Centrale: nouvelles données numismatiques," in Greek archaeology without frontiers , Todd, J.A., Komini-Dialeti, D., Hatzivassilou, D., Ed., Open Science Lecture Series Athens: The National Hellenic Research Foundation, 2002, p. 109-126

Bopearachchi, O., "Les derniers souverains indo-grecs: une nouvelle hypothèse," in Histoire et cultes de l’Asie centrale préislamique: sources écrites et documents archéologiques. Actes du colloque international du CNRS (Paris, 22-28 Novembre 1988), Bernard, P., Ed. and Grenet, F., Ed. Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1991, p. 235-242

Bopearachchi, O., "Ménander Sōter, un roi indo-grec. Observations chronologiques et géographiques," Studia Iranica 1990, p. 39-85

Bopearachchi, O., From Bactria to Toprobane. Selected works of Osmund Bopearachchi New Delhi: 2015

Bopearachchi, O., Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian coins in the Smithsonian Institute Washington, DC.: 1993

Bopearachchi, O., Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum: the collection of the American Numismatic Society, part 9: Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek coins New York: 1998

Bopearachchi, O., Rahman, A. , Pre-Kushana coins in Pakistan Karachi: 1995

Bosworth, A.B., "A missing year in the history of Alexander the Great," Journal of Hellenic Studies vol. 101 1981, p. 17-39

Bosworth, A.B., Alexander and the East: the tragedy of triumph Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996

Bosworth, C.E., "The appearance and esstablishment of Islam in Afghanistan," in Islamisation de l’Asie centrale-Processus locaux d’acculturation du VIIe au XIe siècle. Cahies de Studia Iranica vol. 39, Vaissiere, É. , Ed., 2008, p. 97-114

Bosworth, C.E., Sīstān under the Arbs. From the Islamic conquest to the rise of the Saffārids (30-250/651-684 A.D.) Rome: IsMEO, 1978

Bosworth, C.E., The Ghaznavids. Their empire in Afghanistan and eastern India 994-1040 Edinburgh: University Press, 1963

Bosworth, C.E., The Turks in the Islamic lands up to the 11th century. Ashgate: 2006

Brancaccio, P., "The collection of Gandharan art in the residence of the Malakand Political Agent, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan," in Buddhism and Gandhara: an archaeology of museum collections, Ray, H. P., Ed. New Delhi: Routledge India, 2017

Bregel, Y., A historical atlas of Central Asia, Handbuch der Orientalistik, Section Eight: Central Asia 9 Leiden: Brill, 2003

Briant, P., "La Bactriane dans l’empire achéménide. L’état central achéménide en Bactriane," in L’archéologie de la Bactriane ancienne. Actes du Colloque franco-soviétique, Dushanbe (U.R.S.S.), 27 octobre - 3 novembre 1982, Asimov, M.S. et al., Ed. Paris: Éditions du CNRS, 1985, p. 243-251

Briant, P., From Cyprus to Alexander. A history of the Persian empire Winona Lake: Rizzoli, 2002

Briant, P., From Cyrus to Alexander: a history of the Persian empire Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2002

Briant, P., Histoire de l’Empire Perse: de Cyrus à Alexandre Paris: Fayard, 1996

Brough, J., The Gāndhārī Dharmapada, London Oriental Series 7 London: Oxford University Press, 1962. https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.135849/2015.135849.The-Gandhari-Dharmapada_djvu.txt.

Bryce, J., The ancient Roman empire and the British empire in India London, New York: H. Milford and Oxford University Press, 1914

Burnes, A., Travels into Bokhara: being the account of a journey from India to Cabool, Tartary, and Persia: also, narrative of a voyage on the Indus, from the sea of Lahore, with presents from the king of Great Britain; performed under the orders of the Supreme Government of India, in the years 1831, 1832, and 1833 London: 1834

Burns, C. A., "The Gandhara connection," The Numismatic Digest vol. 6 1982, p. 35-43

Burstein, S.M., "The legacy of Alexander: new ways of being Greek in the Hellenistic period," in Crossroads of history: the age of Alexander, Heckel, W., Tritle, L.A., Ed. Claremont, CA: Regina Books, 2003, p. 217-242

Bussagli, M., Indica et Serindica - Scritti di storia dell'arte dell'India e dell'Asia Centrale Rome: 1992

Callieri, P., "Giuseppe Tucci as archaeologist," East and West vol. 56 2006, p. 1-3, 11-22

Callieri, P., "Gli Indo-Greci nel Pakistan settentrinale," in Il maestro di Saidu Sharif. Alle origini dell’arte del Gandhara (Catalogo della mostra, Roma 2002), Callieri, P., Ed. and Filigenzi, A., Ed. Roma: 2002, p. 47-55

Callieri, P., "Il periodo dei Saka e dei Parti: le dinastie di Apraca e di Oḍi ed il loro supporto al Buddhismo," in Il Maestro di Saidu Sharif. Alle origini dell’arte del Gandhara, Callieri, P., Ed. and Filigenzi, A., Ed. Roma: 2002

Callieri, P., "Les villes du nord-ouest du sous-continent indien des Indo-Grecs aus Kouchans," in De l’Indus á l’Oxus. Archéologie de l’Asie Centrale, Bopearachchi, O., Ed., Landes, C, Ed. and Sachs, M.C. , Ed., Catalogue de l’Exposition, Lattes 2003, 2003

Callieri, P., "Les villes du nord-ouest du sous-continent indien des Indo-Grecs aux Kouchans," in De l’Indus à l’Oxus. Archéologie de l’Asie Centrale (Catalogue de l’Exposision, Lattes 2003), Bopearachchi, O., Ed., Landes, C., Ed. and Sachs, M.C., Ed. Lattes: 2003, p. 211-16

Callieri, P., "The north-west of the Indian subcontinent in the Indo-Greek period. The archaeological evidence. ," in In the land of the Gryphons: papers on Central Asian archaeology in antiquity, Invernizzi, A., Ed., Monografie di Mesopotamia 5 Firenze: Case Editrice Le Lettere, 1995, p. 293-308

Callieri, P., "The north-west of the Indian subcontinent in the Indo-Greek period: the," In the land of the gryphons 1995, p. 293-308

Cambon, P., "Begram, ancienne Alexandrie du Caucase ou capitale kouchane," in Afghanistan: les trésors retrouvés. Collections du musée nationale de Kaboul Paris: 2006, p. 81-111

Canali De Rossi, F. , Iscrizioni dello estremo oriente Greco: un repertorio, Inschriften Griechischer Städte aus Kleinasien 65 Bonn: Dr. Rudolf Habelt, 2007

Canali De Rossi, F., I greci in medio oriente ed Asia centrale: dalla fondazione dell’Impero persiano fino alla spedizione di Alessandro Magno (550-336 a.C. circa) Roma: Herder, 2007

Canepa, M.P., Theorizing cross-cultural interaction among the ancient and early medieval Mediterranean, Near East and Asia, Ars Orientalis 38 Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 2010

Carter, M., "A Scythian royal legend from ancient Uddiyana," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 6 1992, p. 67-78

Carter, M., "Hsuan-tsang and the Colossal Buddhas at Bamiyan," in Studies in Buddhist art of South Asia, Narain, A. K., Ed. New Delhi: 1985

Chakrabarti, D.K., "Post-Mauryan states of mainland South Asia (c. BC185-AD320)," in The archaeology of early historic South Asia: the emergence of cities and state, Allchin, F. R., Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, p. 274-326

Chakrabarti, D.K., Colonial Indology: sociopolitics of the ancient Indian past New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal, 1997

Chavannes, E., "Voyage de Song Yun dans l’Udyāna et le Gandhara (518-533 p.c.)," Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrȇme-Orient vol. 3 1903, p. 379-441

Cheema, I. K., "The historical origins and development of Gandhara art," International Journal of Buddhist Thought and Culture vol. 8 2007, p. 75

Christol, A. , "Les édits grecs d’Aśoka: Étude linguistique," Journal Asiatique vol. 271 1983, p. 25-42

Clarysse, W. and Thompson, D.J., "Two Greek texts on skin from Hellenistic Bactria," Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik vol. 159 2007, p. 273-9

Cobb, M.A., Rome and the Indian ocean trade from Augustus to the early third century C.E. (Mnemosyne, supplements, history and archaeology of classical antiquity) Leiden: Brill, 2018

Coloru, O., Da Alessandro a Menandro: il regno greco di Battriana, Studi ellenistici 21 Pisa/Roma: Fabrizio Serra editore, 2009

Cribb, J and Herrmann, G., After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam, Proceedings of the British Academy 133 Oxford: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, 2007

Cribb, J., "Fifth century Sasanian coins found in Guangdong province, southern China," Journal of the Oriental Numismatic Society vol. 236 2019, p. 5-10. https://www.academia.edu/41232192/Fifth_Century_Sasanian_Coins_Found_in_Guangdong_Province_Southern_China?email_work_card=view-paper.

Cribb, J., "Money as a marker of cultural continuity and change in Central Asia," in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam, Cribb, J., Ed. and Herrmann, G. , Ed., Proceedings of the British Academy 133 Oxford: 2007

Cribb, J., "New evidence of Indo-Parthian political history," Coin Hoards vol. 7 1985, p. 282-300. https://www.academia.edu/33275702/New_Evidence_of_Indo-Parthian_political_history_in_Coin_Hoards_Vol._VII_London_1985_pp.282-300.

Cribb, J., "Rediscovering the Kushans," in From Persepolis to the Punjab: exploring ancient Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan, Errington, E., Ed. and Curtis, V., Ed. London: British Museum Press, 2007, p. 79-140

Cribb, J., "The monetary history of Begram," in Charles Masson: collections from Begram and Kabul Bazaar, Afghanistan 1833-1838 London: The British Museum, 2021, p. 81-126

Cribb, J., "Western satraps and Satavahanas," in Ex Moneta: essays on numismatics, history, and archaeology in jonour of Dr. David W. MacDowall, MacDowall, D., Ed. and Jha, A., Ed. New Delhi: Harman Publishing House, 1998

Cunningham, A., Coins of Alexander’s successors in the east: the Greeks and the Indo-Scythians Delhi: 1970

Cunningham, A., Later Indo-Scythians (Complete works of Alexander Cunningham, edited by A.K. Narain) Varanasi: 1962

Cunningham, A., The ancient geography of India 1, Buddhist period London: 1871

Curiel, R., "Inscriptions de Surkh Kotal," Journal Asiatique vol. 242 1954, p. 189-205

Curtis, J. and Simpson, S. J., The world of Achaemenid Persia: history, art and society in Iran and the ancient Near East London: Tauris, 2010

Dani, A. H. and Bernard, P., "Alexander and his successors in Central Asia," in History of the civilizations of Central Asia. Vol. s, The development of sedentary and nomadic civilizations: 700 B.C. to A.D. 250, Harmatta, J., Ed., Puri, B.N., Ed. and Etemadi, G.F., Ed. Paris: UNESCO, 1994, p. 67-98

Dani, A. H., History of northern areas of Pakistan Islamabad: 1989

Dani, A. H., Human Records on Karakorum Highway Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1995

David-Néel, A. and Yongden, L., The secret oral teachings in Tibetan Buddhist sects Calcutta: Maha Bodhi Society of India, 1964

de la Vallée Pousin, L., Dynasties et histoire de l’Inde depuis Kaṇiska jusqu’aux invasions musulmanes Paris: 1935

Deane, H. A., "Note on Udiyāna and Gandhara," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britian and Ireland 1896, p. 655-675

Deeg, M., "'Tis All Here. A Treasure Locked.': Unlocking the Wonder House of the Chinese Buddhist Travelogues," in Buddhism and Gandhara: an archaeology of museum collections, Ray, H. P., Ed. New Delhi: Routledge, 2017

Demiéville, P., "Les versions chinoises du Milindapañha," Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrȇme-Orient vol. 24 1924, p. 1-258

Deshayes, J., Le plateau iranien et l’Asie Centrale des origines à la conquête islamique: leurs relations à la lumière des documents archéologiques, Paris 22-24 mars 1976, Colloques internationaux du Centre national de la recherche scientifique 567 Paris: 1977

Dessein, B., "Buddhists, Hellenists, Muslims, and the origin of science," in Encountering Buddhism and Islam in premodern Central and South Asia, Auer, B., Ed. and Strauch, I., Ed. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2019

Dhammika, V.S., The edicts of king Ashoka: an English rendering Kandy: 1993

Dhulipala, V., Creating a new medina: state power, Islam, and the quest for Pakistan in late colonial north India Delhi: 2015

Di Cosmo, N., Ancient China and its enemies: the rose of nomadic power in east Asian history Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002

Drewes, D., "Early Indian Mahåyåna Buddhism," Religion Compass vol. 4, no. 2 2010, p. 55-65, 66-74

Duncan-Jones, R., "The impact of the Antonine plague," Journal of the Roman Archaeology vol. 9 1996, p. 108-36

Dupont-Sommer, A., "Une nouvelle inscription araméenne d’Asoka découverte à Kandahar (Afghanistan)," Comptes Rendus des Sèances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-lettres vol. 110, no. 3 1966, p. 440-451. https://www.persee.fr/doc/crai_0065-0536_1966_num_110_3_12024.

Elphinstone, M., An account of the kingdom of Caubul London: 1815

Enoki, K., "The origin of the White Huns or the Hephthalites," East and West vol. 6 1955, p. 234-236

Enomoto, F., "‘Mūlasarvāstivādin’ and ‘Sarvāstivādin’," in Vividharatnakaraṇḍaka: Festgabe für Adelheid Mette, Chojnacki, C., Ed., Hartmannm J.U., Ed. and Tschannerl, M., Ed. Swisttal-Oldendorf: 2000, p. 239-250

Falk, H., "A fragment of a collection of Buddhist legends. With a reference to king Huviṣka as a follower of the Mahāyāna," in Buddhist manuscripts Volume II. Manuscripts in the Schoyen Collection, III. , Braarvig, J., Ed. Oslo: Hermes Publishing, 2002, p. 255-267

Falk, H., "A metrical version from Gandhāra of the ‘Miracle of Śrāvastī’ (Texts from the Split Collection 4)," ARIRIAB vol. 23 2020, p. 3-42. https://www.academia.edu/42340090/_2020_A_metrical_version_from_Gandh%C4%81ra_of_the_%CA%BBMiracle_at_%C5%9Ar%C4%81vast%C4%AB%CA%BC_Texts_from_the_Split_Collection_4?email_work_card=view-paper.

Falk, H., "A new Gāndhārī Dharmapada," Annual Report of the International Research Insititute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University vol. 18 2015, p. 23-62. https://www.academia.edu/11754140/A_new_Gāndhārī_Dharmapada.

Falk, H., "Epigraphic documents in Gandhara," in Gandhara: The Buddhist heritage of Pakistan, legends, monasteries, and paradise, Luczanits, C., Ed. Mainz-Bonn: Zabern-Kunst-und Ausstellungshalle der BRD, 2008, p. 262-62

Falk, H., "Kushan religion and politics," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 29 2019, p. 1-55. https://www.academia.edu/41296411/_2019_Kushan_religion_and_politics?email_work_card=view-paper.

Falk, H., "Kushan rule granted by Nana: the background of a heavenly legitimation," in Kushan histories. Literary sources and selected papers from a symposium at Berlin, December 5 to 7, 2013, Falk, H., Ed. Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 2015, p. 265-99

Falk, H., "Names and titles from Kuṣāṇa times to the Hūṇas," in Coins, art and chronology II: the first millennium C.E. in the Indo-Iranian borderlands, Alram, M., Ed., Klimburg-Salter, D., Ed., Inaba, M., Ed. and Pfisterer, M., Ed., 2010, p. 73-90

Falk, H., "Names and titles from Kuṣāṇa times to the Hūṇas: the Indian Material," in Hariśyenalekhapañcāśikā: fifty selected papers on Indian epigraphy and chronology Breman: Hempen, 2013, p. 244-260

Falk, H., "Small scale Buddhism," in Devadattīyam : Johannes Bronkhorst felicitation volume, Voegeli, François, Ed., Eltschinger, Vincent, Ed., Candotti, Maria Piera, Ed., Diaconescu, Bogdan, Ed. and Kulkarni, Malhar, Ed. Bern: Peter Lang, 2012, p. 491-517. https://www.academia.edu/3634370/small_scale_Buddhism?email_work_card=view-paper.

Falk, H., "The first century copper-plates of Helagupta from Gandhaara hailing Maitreya," Annual Report of the International Research Insititute for Advanced Buddhology at Soka University vol. 17 2014, p. 3-26

Falk, H., Aśokan sites and artefacts. A source-book with bibliography Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 2006

Falk, H., Kushan histories: literary sources and selected papers from a symposium at Berlin, December 5 to 7, 2013 Bremen: Hempen Verlag, 2015

Farhadi, A.G., "Les Hazara en Afghanistan," in Paysages naturels paysages culturels du centre de l’afghanistan. Hindou-Kouch, lacs de band-e amir, vallée de Bamiyan , Actes d’une journée d’étude 28 mars 2009, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches Documentaires sur l’Afghanistan, 2010, p. 200-203

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Ghafoor, A., "Buddhist stone sculptures 'Varia Collection' in Swat Museum: brief history, classification and statistical analysis," Frontier Archaeology vol. 8 2016, p. 97-114

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Amiet, P., "Antiquities of Bactria and outer Iran in the Louvre collection ," in Bactria. An ancient oasis civilization from the sands of Afghanistan, Ligabue, G., Ed. and Salvatore, S., Ed. Venice: 1988, p. 159-180

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Provenzali, A., "The Gandharan collection of the Civic Archaeological Museum of Milan," in Restauro Archeologico, Sabelli, R. et al, Ed. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2019, p. 156-163. https://issuu.com/dida-unifi/docs/ra_1_2019.

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Callieri, P. and Filigenzi, A., Il Maestro di Saidu Sharif. Alle origini dell’arte del Gandhara Rome: Museo Nazionale d’Arte Orientale, 2002

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Di Pascale Piccolino, A. M., "L'espace et le style dans quelques bas-reliefs gandhariens du Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale à Roma," Arts Asiatiques vol. 36, no. 1 1981, p. 12-25

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Pascale, A. M., "L'espace et le style dans quelques bas-reliefs gandhariens du Museo Nazionale d'Arte Orientale à Rome," Arts Asiatiques vol. 36 1981, p. 12-25

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Gandāra to Shiruku Rōdo no bijutsu, Hirayama Ikuo korekushon - Gandhara and silk road arts: The Hirayama Ikuo Collection Tokyo: Asahi Shinbunsha, 2002

The art of Gandhara, Pakistan, commemorative event for the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and Pakistan. Tokyo: Nihon Hōsō Kyōkai , 2002

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Hirayama, I., Hirayama Ikuo korekushon Gandaro to shirukurodo: The Hirayama Ikuo collection Tokyo: 2000

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Auboyer, J., Rarities of the Musée Guimet New York: 1975

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Cambon, P., "Collections gandhariennes et afghannes à Paris, Musée natioanl des arts asiatiques-Guimet," in Restauro Archeologico, Sabelli, R. et al, Ed. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2019, p. 142-155. https://issuu.com/dida-unifi/docs/ra_1_2019.

Cambon, P., "L’Afghanistan. L’art du Gandhara," in Guimet, musèe des arts asiatiques. Le guides des collections Paris: 2013, p. 55-65

Gottlieb, W.P. and Lees, M., The path to enlightenment: masterpieces of Buddhist sculpture from the National Museum of Asian Arts / Musée Guimet, Paris Forth Worth, Texas: Kimbell Art Museum, 1996

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Monod, O., Le Musée Guimet Paris: 1966

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Cambon, P. et al., Afghanistan: les trésor retrouvés. Collections du musée nationale de Kaboul Paris: 2006

Dupree, N., "Mystery vails the Kabul museum collections," Orientations vol. 32 2001

Klimburg-Salter, D., "Twice burried, twice found: treasures of the Kabul museum," Orientations vol. 37, no. 1 2006, p. 86-92. https://www.academia.edu/34256666/Twice_Buried_Twice_Found_2006.pdf?email_work_card=view-paper.

Tissot, Francine, Catalogue of the National Museum of Afghanistan 1931-1985 Paris: The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2006

Tissot, Francine, Les trésors du Musée de Kabul Paris: 2000

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Khan, G. R., A catalogue of sculptures from Butkara III (Swāt), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the SSAQ Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, University of Peshawar Peshawar: University of Peshawar, 2015

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Mitterwallner, G.V., Kuṣāṇa coins and Kuṣāṇa sculptures from Māthurā Mathura: 1986

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Bhattacharya, C., Art of Central Asia (with special reference to wooden objects from the northern silk route) Delhi: 1977

Bussagli, M., Painting of Central Asia Geneve: Editions d’Art Albert Skira, 1963

Grenet, F., "Iranian gods in Hindu garb: the Zoroastrian pantheon of the Bactrians and Sogdians, second-eight centuries ," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 20 2006, p. 87-99

Haesner, C., "Paradise scenes in Central Asian art, autochthonous or modelled after Gandharan art?," in Coins, art, and chronology: essays on the pre-Islamic history of the Indo-Iranian borderlands, Alram, M., Ed. and Klimburg-Salter, D., Ed. Wien: 1999

Hutt, A., "The Central Asian origin of the eastern Minaret form," Asian Affairs vol. 64 1977, p. 157-162

Iwai, S., "Buddhist temples in Tukhāristan and their relationships with Gandhāran traditions," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 135-154. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

Kakar, F. D. and Hasan, M., "Reciprocal influence on the Buddhist arts of Chinese Turkistan and Gandhara through the Silk Roads," Frontier Archaeology vol. 6 2016, p. 133-143

Mairs, R., "The places in between: model and metaphor in the archaeology of Hellenistic Arachosia," in From Pella to Gandhara: hybridisation and identity in the art and architecture of the Hellenistic Far East , Chandrasekaran, S., Ed., Kouremenos, A., Ed. and Rossi, R., Ed. Oxford : BAR, 2010

Mkrtychev, T., "Buddhism and features of the Buddhist art of Bactria-Tukhāristān," in After Alexander: Central Asia before Islam, Cribb, J., Ed. and Herrmann, G., Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007

Pugachenkova, G.A., "The Buddhist monuments of Airtam," Silk Road Art and Archaeology vol. 2 1991/92, p. 23-41

Rhie, M. M., "Sui rapporti tra le imagini cinesi del Buddha del V secolo e la scultura dell'India settentrionale, del Pakistan, dell'Afghanistan e dell'Asia centrale," in Arte Orientale in India IV Rome: 1976, p. 71-75

Rhie, M., Early Buddhist art of China and Central Asia Leiden: Brill, 1999

Rowland, B., "Graeco-Bactrian art and Gandhāra: Khalčajan and the Gandhāra Bodhisattvas," Archives of Asian Art vol. 25 1972, p. 29-35

Rowland, B., The art of Central Asia New York: Crown Publishers Inc., 1974

Shenkar, M. , "Aniconism in the religious art of pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 22 2008, p. 239-256. https://www.academia.edu/2263715/Aniconism_in_the_Religious_Art_of_Pre-Islamic_Iran_and_Central_Asia_Bulletin_of_the_Asia_Institute_22?email_work_card=view-paper.

Waldschmidt, Ernst, Gandhara, Kutscha, Turfan: eine Einführung in die frühmittelalterliche Kunst Zentralasiens Leipzig: Klinkhardt & Biermann, 1925

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Parry, Ken , "The Buddha as colossus in Central Asia and China," in Art, architecture and religion along the silk roads, Parry, Ken , Ed. Turnhout: 2009, p. 179-198. https://www.brepolsonline.net/doi/abs/10.1484/M.SRS-EB.4.00194.

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Banerjee, G. N., Hellenism in ancient India Calcutta: 1921

Baums, S., "Greek or Indian? The Questions of Menander and Onomastic Patterns in Early Gandhāra," in Buddhism and Gandhara: an archaeology of museum collections, Ray, H. P., Ed. New Delhi: Routledge, 2017

Bhandare, S., "Numismatics and ‘The Other’: Investigating Coinage and ‘Greekness’ at Taxila," in Buddhism and Gandhara: an archaeology of museum collections, Ray, H. P., Ed. New Delhi: Routledge, 2017

D'Aviella, Goblet, Ce que l'Inde doit à la Grèce. Des influences classiques dans la civilisation de l'Inde Paris: 1926

Focillon, H., L'Art bouddhique Paris: 1921

Foucher, A., "The craddle of Graeco Buddhist art," Journal of the Penjab vol. 8 1921, p. 95-102

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Karttunen, K., "Gandhāra and the Greeks," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 23 2009, p. 131-134

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Longhurst, A. H., "The Buddha image born in Peshawar: ancient Gandhāra sculptures associated with the region of air-rescues from Kabul," Illustrated London News (9th March 1929) 1939, p. 394-395

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Auboyer, J., "Le caractère royal et divin du trône dans l'Inde ancienne," in Studies in the History of Religions Leiden: 1959, p. 181-188

Behrendt, K., "The Buddha and the Gandharan Classical tradition," Arts of Asia vol. 47 2017, p. 65-75. https://metmuseum.academia.edu/KurtBehrendt.

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Boardman, J., "Reflections on the origins of Indian stone architecture," in Alexander's legacy in the East: studies in honor of Paul Bernard, Bopearachchi, O., Ed., Bromberg, C., Ed. and Grenet, F., Ed. Bloomfield Hills: 2001

Boardman, John, "Classical Figures in an Indian Landscape," Gandharan art in context: east-west exchanges at the crossroads Of Asia 1997, p. 1-16

Boardman, John, Classical art in eastern translation: a lecture delivered at the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, on 27th May, 1993 Oxford: Leopard's Head Press, 1993

Boardman, John, The diffusion of classical art in antiquity London: Thames and Hudson, 1994

Brancaccio, P. and Liu, X., "Dionysus and drama in the Buddhist art of Gandhara," Journal of Global History vol. 4, no. 2 2009, p. 219-244

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Bussagli, M., "Osservazioni sulla persistenza delle forme ellenistiche nell’arte del Gandhara ," Rivista dell’ Istituto Nazionale d'Archeologia e Storia dell'Arte vol. 5-6 1955-6, p. 150-247

Bussagli, M., "Osservazioni sulla persistenza delle forme ellenistiche nell'arte del Gandhara," Rivista dell'Istituto Nazionale d'Archeologia e Storia dell'Arte 1957, p. 149-247

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Eichenbaum-Karetzky, P., "Hellenistic influences on scenes of the life of the Buddha in Gandhāra," Oriental Art vol. 35 1989, p. 163-168

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Foucher, A., "L'Origine Grèque de l'Image du Bouddha," Annales du Musée Guimet, Bibliothèque de Vulgarisation vol. 38 1913, p. 231-72

Foucher, A., L'art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhâra: étude sur les origines de l'influence classique dans l'art bouddhique de l'Inde et de l'Extrême-Orient Paris: Imprimerie Nationale, 1905. https://archive.org/details/lartgrcobouddh02foucuoft.

Freschi, M., Grecia e India; L’arte del Gandhāra Milano: Galleria Mandala, 2005

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Rowland, B., "The Hellenistic tradition in northwestern India," The Art Bulletin vol. 31 1949, p. 1-10

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Schlumberger, D., Der Hellenisierte Orient. Die griechische und nachgriechische kunst außerhalb des Mittelmeerraumes Baden Baden: 1969

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Stančo, Ladislav, Greek gods in the east: Hellenistic iconographic schemes in Central Asia Prague: Karolinum Press, 2013

Stewart, P., "Roman sarcophagi and Gandhāran sculpture," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 50-85. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

Stewart, Peter, "The Provenance of the Gandharan "Trojan Horse" Relief in the British Museum," Arts Asiatiques vol. 71 2016, p. 3-12

Stoye, M., "Festivity and sacred aura. Thoughts on the origins and meaning of the garland moulding in the ornamentation of Gandhāran stūpas," in South Asian Archaeology 2007: Proceedings of the 19th Meeting of the European Association of South Asian Archaeology in Ravenna, Italy, July 2007, Callieri, P., Ed. and Colliva, L. et al, Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2010

Stoye, M., "On the crossroads of disciplines: Tonio Hölscher’s theory of understanding Roman art images and its implications for the study of western influence(s) in Gandhāran art," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 29-49. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

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Tanabe, T., "The transmission of Dionysiac imagery to Gandhāran Buddhist art," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 86-104. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

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Wright, P., "Greco-Buddhist art in the Swat Valley," Indian Arts and Letters vol. 14 1940, p. 1-21

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Banerji, A., "Origins of the Buddha image. A study," in Sarupa Bharati or the Homage of Indology being the Dr. Lakshman Sarup Memorial Volume Hoshiapur: 1954, p. 197-203

Cohn, W., Buddha in der kunst des Ostens Leipzig: 1925

Combaz, G., L'Inde et l'Orient classique, avec préface d'Alfred Foucher Geuthner: 1937

Coomaraswamy, A. K., "The Indian Origin of the Buddha Image," Journal of the American Oriental Society vol. 46 1926, p. 165-70

Coomaraswamy, A. K., "The nature of Buddhist art," in Coomaraswamy. 1: Selected papers. Traditional art and symbolism, Lipsey, R., Ed. Princeton and Surrey: Princeton University Press, 1977, p. 147-178

Coomaraswamy, A. K., "The origin of the Buddha image," The Art Bulletin vol. 9 1927, p. 287-329

Coomaraswamy, A. K., Elements of Buddhist iconography with a forward by W.E. Clark Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press, 1935. https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13957.

Coomaraswamy, A. K., Pour comprendre l'art hindou Paris: 1926

Fabri, C., "Gandhāra, Mathurā and Amarāvatī art," The March of India vol. 8 1961, p. 28-29

Gangoly, O. C., The antiquity of the Buddha image. The cult of the Buddha Calcutta: 1938

Goloubew, W., "Compte rendu de l'art gréco-bouddhique du Gandhāra de A. Foucher," Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrȇme-Orient vol. 23, p. 438-456

Härtel, H., "A Śiva relief from Gandhāra," in South Asian Archaeology (International Conference of South Asian Archaeologists), Jarridge, C., Ed. Wisconsin: 1989, p. 392-396

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Heras, H., "The origin of the so-called graeco-buddhist school of sculpture of Gandhara," Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society vol. 12 1936, p. 71-97

Huntington, J., "Mathurā evidence for the early teachings of Mahāyāna," in Mathurā. The cultural heritage - Conférence à New Delhi, 7-15 Janvier 1980, Srinivasan, D., Ed. New Delhi: 1989, p. 85-92

Ishikawa, K., "More Gandhāra than Mathurā: substantial and persistent Gandhāran influences provincialized in the Buddhist material culture of Gujarat and beyond, c. AD400-550," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 156-206. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

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Lohuizen, J. E. Van Lohuizen-de Leeuw, "Gandhāra and Mathurā. Their cultural relationship," in Aspects of Indian art, Pal, P., Ed. Los Angeles: 1972, p. 27-43

Luczanits, Christian, "The Diffusion of Gandharan and Indian models in South Asia," Art et civilisation de l'orient hellenise : Rencontres et echanges culturels d'Alexandre aux Sasanides 2014, p. 245-250. https://www.academia.edu/9789789/The_diffusion_of_Gandharan_and_Indian_models_in_South_Asia.

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Zin, M., "The techniques of the narrative representations in Old India," in Image - Narration - Context: Visual narratives in the cultures and societies of the old world, Wagner-Durand, E., Ed., Fath, B., Ed. and Heineman, A. , Ed. Heidelburg: Propylaeum, 2019, p. 136-156. https://www.academia.edu/40065158/The_Techniques_of_the_Narrative_Representations_in_Old_India?email_work_card=view-paper.

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Bivar, A. D. H., "Sasanian iconography on textiles and seals," in Central Asian textiles and their contexts in the early middle ages, Schorta, R., Ed. Riggisberg: Albegg-Stiftung, 2006, p. 9-21

Compareti, M., "The representation of Zoroastrian divinities in late Sasanian art and their description according to Avestan literature," ARAM vol. 26, no. 1 & 2 2014, p. 139-174. https://www.academia.edu/26825673/THE_REPRESENTATION_OF_ZOROASTRIAN_DIVINITIES_IN_LATE_SASANIAN_ART_AND_THEIR_DESCRIPTION_ACCORDING_TO_AVESTAN_LITERATURE?email_work_card=view-paper.

Fabrègues, C., "The Indo-Parthian Beginnings of Gandharan Sculptures," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 1 1987, p. 33-43

Fukai, S., "The artifacts of Hatra and Parthian art," East and West vol. 11, no. 2-3 1960, p. 135-181

Ghirshman, R., Persian art: the Parthian and Sasanian dynasties, 249BC-AD651 New York: Golden Press, 1962

Goldman, B., "Parthians at Gandhara," East and West vol. 28 1978, p. 189-202

Grenet, F., "Iranian gods in Hindu garb: the Zoroastrian pantheon of the Bactrians and Sogdians, second-eight centuries ," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 20 2006, p. 87-99

Lerner, J., "Central Asians in sixth-century China: a Zoroastrian funerary rite," Iranica Antiqua vol. 30 1995, p. 179-190. https://www.academia.edu/743946/Central_Asians_in_Sixth-Century_China_A_Zoroastrian_Funerary_Rite?auto=download&campaign=weekly_digest.

Maksymiuk, K., Karamian, G., Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets: the headgrear in Iranian history Tehran: 2017. https://www.academia.edu/35308142/Crowns_hats_turbans_and_helmets_The_headgear_in_Iranian_history_volume_I_Pre-Islamic_Period_Edited_by_Katarzyna_Maksymiuk_and_Gholamreza_Karamian_Siedlce-Tehran_2017?email_work_card=view-paper.

Rowland, B., "Buddha and the Sun God," Zalmoxis: revue des étudesreligieuses vol. 1 1938, p. 69-84

Scott, D.A., "The Iranian face of Buddhism," East and West vol. 40 1990, p. 43-78

Shenkar, M. , "Aniconism in the religious art of pre-Islamic Iran and Central Asia," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 22 2008, p. 239-256. https://www.academia.edu/2263715/Aniconism_in_the_Religious_Art_of_Pre-Islamic_Iran_and_Central_Asia_Bulletin_of_the_Asia_Institute_22?email_work_card=view-paper.

Shenkar, M., Intangible spirits and graven images: the iconography of deities in the pre-Islamic Iranian world Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2014

Simpson, S. J., "Sasanian glass: an overview," in Neighbours and successors of Rome: traditions of glass production and use in Europe and Middle East in the later 1st millennium AD, Keller, D., Ed., Price, A., Ed. and Jackson, C., Ed. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014, p. 200-231. https://www.academia.edu/5498769/Sasanian_glass_an_overview?auto=download.

Stavisky, B., "Buddhist monuments of Central Asia and the Sasanians," Bulletin of the Asia Institute vol. 4 1990, p. 167-170

Tanabe, K., "Iranian background of the Flaming and Watering Buddha image in the Kushan period," Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum vol. III 1981, p. 69-81

Tanabe, K., "Iranian origin of the Gandhara Buddha and Bodhisattva images," Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum vol. VI 1984, p. 1-27

Tanabe, K., "Sasanian influence upon the Gandharan Buddhist art," Makaranda: Essay in honour of Dr. James C. Harle 1990, p. 51-62

Tanabe, K., "The Problem of the star and the crescent," Bulletin of the Ancient Orient Museum vol. X 1988, p. 79-89

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Ahrens, D., "Cronologia dell'arte del Gandhāra," Critica d'Arte vol. 45 1961, p. 16-29

Ahrens, D., "Unbekannte Gandhāra Kunst in Basler Sammlungen," Antike Kunst vol. 5 1962, p. 69-75

Ahrens, Dieter, Die römischen Grundlagen der Gandharakunst Münster: Aschendorffsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1961

Buchthal, H., "The western aspects of Gandhara sculptures," Proceedings of the British Academy vol. XXXI 1945, p. 151-76. https://ia601505.us.archive.org/31/items/in.ernet.dli.2015.69552/2015.69552.Western-Aspects-Of-Gandhara-Sculpture.pdf.

Dickinson, E., "Gandhara Art," Marg vol. 6 1952, p. 10-21

Eisner, M. , Zur typologie der Grabbauten im suburbium Roms. Römische Mitteilungen Mainz: 1986

Göbl, R., "Roman patterns for Kushāṇa coins," Journal of the Numismatic Society of India vol. 22 1960

Kuwayama, S., "A hidden import from imperial Rome manifest in stupas," in Gandharan art in context, east-west exchange at the crossroads of Asia, Allchin, R., Ed., Allchin, B., Ed., Kreitman, N., Ed. and Errington, E., Ed. Cambridge/New Delhi: 1997, p. 119-171

Marchand, E., "Gandhara and the ancient cults in India," Central Asiatic Journal vol. 18 1974, p. 48-54

Morris, L., "Roman objects in the Begram hoard and the memory of Greek rule in Kushan Central Asia," in The Graeco-Bactrian and Indo-Greek world, Mairs, R., Ed. Routledge: 2020, p. 580-592. https://www.academia.edu/44979469/_2020_Roman_Objects_in_the_Begram_Hoard_and_the_Memory_of_Greek_Rule_in_Kushan_Central_Asia_in_Rachel_Mairs_ed_The_Graeco_Bactrian_and_Indo_Greek_World_Routledge_pp_580_592?email_work_card=view-paper.

Rowland, B., "A cycle of Gandhāra," Bulletin of the Museums of Fine Arts vol. 63 1965, p. 114-129

Rowland, B., "Gandhāra and early Christian art. The homme-arcade and the date of the Bimaran reliquary," The Art Bulletin vol. 28, no. 1 1946, p. 44-47. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3047043?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents.

Rowland, B., "Gandhara, Rome and Mathura. The early relief style," Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America vol. X 1956, p. 8-18

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Rowland, B., The art of Gandhara. Gandhara sculptures from Pakistan museums New York: 1960

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Shakur, M. A., Gandhara sculpture in Pakistan Bangkok: 1963

Soper, A. C., "The Roman style in Gandhara," American Journal of Archaeology vol. 55 1951, p. 301-319

Stewart, P., "Roman sarcophagi and Gandhāran sculpture," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 50-85. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

Stewart, P., "The Gandhara connection: Rome and the art of Asia," Antiqvvs vol. January 2020 2020, p. 33-39

Stewart, P., The social history of Roman art Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008

Stoye, M., "On the crossroads of disciplines: Tonio Hölscher’s theory of understanding Roman art images and its implications for the study of western influence(s) in Gandhāran art," in The global connections of Gandhāran art: Proceedings of the third international workshop of the Gandhāra Connections Project, University of Oxford, 18th-19th March, 2019, Rienjang, W., Ed. and Stewart, P., Ed. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2020, p. 29-49. https://www.carc.ox.ac.uk/GandharaConnections/publications.htm.

Webster, J., "Necessary comparisons: a post-colonial approach to religious syncretism in the Roman provinces," World Archaeology vol. 28 1997, p. 324-38

Wheeler, R. E. M., "Pakistan, homeland of Gandhāra art," Pakistan Quarterly vol. 10 1961, p. 25-27

Wheeler, R. E. M., "Romano-Buddhist Art: an old problem restated," Antiquity vol. XXIII 1949, p. 4-19. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/S0003598X00019931.

Wheeler, R. E. M., Five thousand years of Pakistan London: 1950

Wheeler, R. E. M., Rome beyond the Imperial Frontiers London: 1954

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A, Filigenzi, "From Saidu Sharif to Miran," Indologica Taurinensia vol. 32 2006, p. 67-89

Ahuja, N., "The British Museum Hariti: towards understanding transculturalism in Gandhara," in Beyond boundaries: connecting visual cultures in the province of ancient Rome, Alcock, S., Ed., Egri, M., Ed. and Frakes, J., Ed. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2016, p. 247-265. https://www.academia.edu/28005828/The_British_Museum_Hariti_Toward_Understanding_Transculturalism_in_Gandhara.

Bachhofer, Ludwig, "On Greeks and Saka in India," Journal of the American Oriental Society vol. 61, no. 4 1941, p. 233-250

Behrendt, Kurt, "Evidence for the Diffusion of Gandharan Forms after the late 5th century," South Asian Archaeology 2012: Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists

Bernard, P., "Les Traditions Orientales dans l'Architecture Gréco-Bactrienne," Journal Asiatique vol. 264 1976, p. 245-75

Buchthal, H., "The Common Classical Sources of Buddhist and Christian Narrative Art," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society vol. 75 1943, p. 137-48. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/C15FFE22C560820F8FDEDF581F1E70A5/S0035869X00098415a.pdf/the-common-classical-sources-of-buddhist-and-christian-narrative-art.pdf.

Bussagli, M., "The 'frontal' representation of the divine chariot. Similarities between the figurative arts in the East and West," East and West vol. 6 1955, p. 9-25

Carter, M., "Dionysiac Aspects of Kushān Art," Ars Orientalis vol. 7 1968, p. 121-46

Dani, A. H., "Chakdara fort and Gandhara art," Ancient Pakistan vol. 4 1969, p. 1-102

Dani, A. H., Gandhara Art of Pakistan Peshawar: 1968

Das Gupta, K. K., "Foreign trade and Gandhara art," The Quarterly Review of Historical Studies vol. 4 1966, p. 199-202

Dobbins, K. W., The stupa and vihara of Kaniska I, Calcutta, 1971

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Tanabe, K., "The origin of the Amida Triad in Gandhāra," Hellenism-Islam Archaeological Studies 2020 2021, p. 1-31. https://www.academia.edu/46782030/The_Origin_of_the_Amida_Triad_%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%A5%E9%99%80%E4%B8%89%E5%B0%8A_in_Gandh%C4%81ra?email_work_card=title.

Tanabe, Tadashi, "Das Geschenk der Hetäre Āmrapālī in der Narrativen Buddhistischen Kunst von Gandhāra - Die Identifikation der Textgrunlage," Indo-Asiatische Zeitschrift vol. 17 2013, p. 27-36. https://www.academia.edu/19940339/Das_Geschenk_der_Het%C3%A4re_%C4%80mrap%C4%81l%C4%AB_in_der_narrativen_buddhistishcen_Kunst_von_Gandh%C4%81ra.

Zin, M., "Gandhara & Andhra: varying traditions of narrative representations (some observations on the arrnagement of scenes citing the example of the Bodhisatva crossing the river Nairañjanā)," Indo-Asiatische Zeitschrift vol. 22 2018, p. 6-17. https://www.academia.edu/38590172/Gandhara_and_Andhra_Varying_Traditions_of_Narrative_Representations_Some_observa_tions_on_the_arrangement_of_scenes_citing_the_example_of_the_Bodhisatva_crossing_the_river_Naira%C3%B1jan%C4%81_in_Indo_Asiatische_Zeitschrift_22_2018_pp_6_17.

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al, Tan Shutong et, Murals for Xinjiang, The Thousand-Buddha Caves at Kizil Tokyo: 1981

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Behrendt, K., "Evidence of diffusion of Gandharan forms after the late 5th century," in South Asian archaeology and art 2012: South Asian religions and visual forms in their archaeological context vol. 2, V. Lefevre, A. Didier B. Mutin, Ed. Turnhout: 2016, p. 407-416. https://www.academia.edu/33277674/Evidence_for_the_Diffusion_of_Gandharan_Forms_After_the_Late_5th_Century.pdf.

Behrendt, Kurt, "Fasting Buddhas, Ascetic Forest Monks, and the Rise of the Esoteric Tradition," Coins, art and chronology II: the first millennium C.E. in the Indo-Iranian borderlands 2010, p. 299-328. https://www.academia.edu/7800553/Fasting_Buddhas_Ascetic_Forest_Monks_and_the_Rise_of_the_Esoteric_Tradition.

Bracey, R., "Envisioning the Buddha," in Imagining the divine: art and the rise of world religions, Elsner, J. et al, Ed. Oxford: 2017, p. 85-108

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Brancaccio, P., "The Buddha and the naked ascetics in Gandhāra art, a new interpretation," East and West vol. 41 1991, p. 12-131

Brown, R., "The emaciated Gandharan Buddha images: asceticism, health, and the body," in Living a life in accord with Dhamma: paper in honour of professor Jean Boisselier, Eilenberg, N., Ed., Diskul, M. C. S., Ed. and Brown, R., Ed. Bangkok: 1997, p. 105-115

Brown, R., "The Śrāvastī miracles in the art of India and Dvāravatī," Archives of Asian Art vol. 37 1984, p. 79-95

Coomaraswamy, A. K., "Sculptures from Mathurā," Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts vol. 25, no. 150 1927, p. 50-54

Coomaraswamy, A. K., "The Buddha's cūḍā, hair, uṣṇīṣa and Crown," Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society vol. 60, no. 4 1928, p. 815-841

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Kim, M., "Where the blessed one paced midfully: the issue of Cankrama on Mathurā’s earliest freestanding images of the Buddha," Archives of Asian Art vol. 62, no. 2 2019, p. 181-216. https://www.academia.edu/41126124/Where_the_Blessed_One_Paced_Mindfully_The_Issue_of_Ca%E1%B9%85krama_on_Mathur%C4%81s_Earliest_Freestanding_Images_of_the_Buddha?email_work_card=view-paper.

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Ahuja, N., "The British Museum Hāritī: towards understanding transculturalism in Gandhara," in Beyond boundaries: connecting visual cultures in the provinces of ancient Rome, Alcock, S., Ed., Egri, M., Ed. and Frakes, J., Ed. Los Angeles: Getty Publications, 2016, p. 247-263

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Behrendt, Kurt, "Maitreya and the past Buddha: Interactions between Gandhara and northern India," Changing Forms and Cultural Identity: Religious and Secular Iconographies vol. I 2014, p. 29-40

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Tanabe, Tadashi, "The Origin and Development of the Image of 'Triton Carrying a Dolphin on Shoulder' - On the New Image of the Gandharan Buddhist Sculpture," Ars Buddhica vol. 340 2015, p. 37-61

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