Attributed To: EXEKIAS by BEAZLEY EXEKIAS by RUMPF
Decoration: Obverse: FUNERARY, CHARIOT (HORSES NAMED), WOMEN
Last Recorded Collection: Lost: F1820C
Previous Collections:
Berlin, Antikensammlung: F1820
Berlin, Antikensammlung: F1826E
Lost: F1820D
Publication Record: Beazley, J.D., Attic Black-Figure Vase-Painters (Oxford, 1956): 146.22-23 Beazley, J.D., Paralipomena (Oxford, 1971): 60 Carpenter, T.H., with Mannack, T. and Mendonca, M., Beazley Addenda, 2nd edition (Oxford, 1989): 41 Duby, G., Perrot, M. (eds.), Histoire des femmes (Plon, 1991): 189, FIG.15 (DRAWING) Fittschen, K., Griechische Porträts (Darmstadt, 1988): PL.6.5 Korshak, Y., Frontal Faces in Attic Vase Painting of the Archaic Period (Chicago, 1977): 88, FIG.11 (F1818A) Kunze, M. et al., Die Antikensammlung im Pergamonmuseum und in Charlottenburg, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin (Berlin, 1992): 266, NO.143 (COLOUR OF BERLINE FRR) Mommsen, H., Exekias I, Die Grabtafeln (Mainz, 1998): PLS.13-13B
CAVI Collection: Berlin 1811-1826.
CAVI Lemma: Frs. of BF funerary plaques. From Athens, Outer Ceramicus (see Mommsen 3).
Exekias (Rumpf). 540-530.
CAVI Subject: Prothesis of a woman, with a cortege of lamenting women and men, a chorus of
men, chariots, horsemen, a mule cart and women lamenting indoors, reconstructed
as 15 surviving, but mostly fragmentary, plaques, probably deliberately broken
in antiquity. Mommsen I: Prothesis: F 1811 A: right-hand portion: head of dead
woman lying on a couch; behind her, two women to left and column shaft; to left
of the couch leg, small remains of perhaps a child. F 1811 B: upper left-hand
corner of the same panel, with head of lamenting woman to right; column capital
and shaft; bearded man to right, lamenting. (F 1826 (part), with the bottom of
his limbs and parts of several women is not inscribed). Mommsen XIII: Quadriga:
F 1820 A-B: front part of four chariot horses to right; behind them, scant
remains of a woman to left; at right, woman to left. (Other frs. attributed to
this plaque are not inscribed). Mommsen XIV: Mule Cart:F 1814: right-hand
portion of plaque with heads of two mules to right, nearly naked slave facing
and woman to left; to left of mule heads top of olive tree. F 1823: rumps of
mules (fr. now lost), part of cart with seated female holding staff in one hand
and a horizontal strip of some kind in the other.
CAVI Inscriptions: Prothesis: F 1811 A: between the couch leg and the trace of the child,
vertically down, presumably facing it: [--]ιθο (Furtw.: --]ρθο). Mommsen
suggests [Πε]ιθο{2}. Gr. in the white of the column, coming from the top,
vertically down and close to the left edge, i.e. to the woman nearest the dead,
but not facing her: [-3-]χαρις, retr.{3}. F 1811 B: to left of the column shaft,
starting at some distance from the capital, vertically down and facing the
column, Gr.: Φαι(.)[--], retr. (Furtw.: Φαι/..., retr.; Boardman: Φαιν̣[....)
{4}. Above and to right of the man's head, bearing upward, Dip.: Αρ[.]σ̣ ///
///[--]. (Read differently by Hirschfeld: Αρεσ[ιον? -κον?], combining the
painted and scratched letters; Furtw.: ΕΣΙ[--, with sigma 1 (Furtw.: ΑΡΖ[--).
Over the dipinto, beginning over the trace of the sigma, Gr.: εσ[--], the sigma
preceded and followed by an erasure{5}. Quadriga: F 1820 A-B: above the head of
the woman behind the horses: traces of three letters, Dip.: [--?](.)(.)(.)[--].
Between horse legs, downward, Dip.: Σεμος, retr. To right of the horses' legs,
vertically down, Dip.: Καλ[λ]ιφορας{6}. Mule Cart: F 1814: between the mules'
necks and the olive tree, diagonally upward: [--]ις. Above the heads of the
mules, diagonally downward: Φαλιος. Between the mules and the slave, at
mid-height, downward and facing the slave: Μυ^λιος, retr.{7}. Between the
slaves' and the woman's lower legs downward and facing her: Σιμε{8}. F 1823: to
right of the hand holding the vertical staff, bearing slightly upward: Φε[--],
no doubt the seated woman's name.
CAVI Footnotes: {1} the numbering of the frs. differs from Furtw.'s: see the concordance in
Mommsen, p. 72. {2} name of a real person; cf. LGPN, s.v. [i B.C.; the only name
ending in ]ιθω listed in the reverse index.] Furtw. had read ·ΡΘΟ, Hirschfeld in
Antike Denkmäler, ii, p. 5, correctly, ..ΙΘΟ, but thought the iota might be part
of a table he postulated to have stood on the left. {3} for the restoration see
Mommsen 12 and n. 67. Boardman 66 combined this with the Gr. Φαιν̣[--] on F 1811
B to make up the unknown name Φαινοχαρις as the name of the deceased, written
twice, at the head and foot of the bier. Collignon (1888), 228 suggested
Τιμοχαρις or Φιλοχαρις. But I think there is space for only three letters if the
reconstruction in M.'s pl. 1 is correct. I would suggest Επιχαρις which is a
fancy kale-name on Naples Stg. 311 by the Meidias Painter, ARV[2] 1314/17.
Consider also Θεοχαρις (ii B.C.) and Ευχαρις (iii B.C.); see LGPN ii. The
inscription need not have begun at the very top of the column shaft. {4} Furtw.
had read ·ΙΑΦ, while Hirschfeld in Antike Denkmäler, ii, 5 only read ΦΑΙ.., whch
is all his colored ph. shows. I see another stroke after the iota in Mommsen's
pl. 1a and the colored pl. 1, but not in pl. 1, the reconstruction [the phs. in
pl. 1 are older than those of 1a and the colored plate, see Mommsen, p. 73].
This must be part of a nu. Boardman also read Φαιν̣[--]. Boardman's fanciful
reconstruction of the deceased's name should thus read: Φαιν̣[ο]χαρις. Actually,
Φαιν̣[--] should refer to the woman at left, despite its position, since the man
at right is named. Mommsen also gives Φαι[--], retr. {5} so Mommsen's readings,
pp. 11-12. The BG trace of the fourth painted letter is shown to be from a
three-stroke sigma in Furtw.'s sketch and some phs.; it is the left-hand corner;
this letter and the two erasures are evenly spaced, a spacing which is observed
by the Gr. letters as well. The relation is that the Gr. epsilon is written over
the Dip. sigma and the Gr. sigma is next to the first erasure, with a corner
going over it, showing that the erasures preceded the Gr. It is assumed that the
break in which the third painted letter was lost also preceded the Gr. The Dip.
had a name beginning with Αρ[ε]σ̣[--] or Αρ[ι]σ̣[--], e.g., Αρ[ε]σ̣[ιας] or
Αρ[ε]σ̣[κον] (cf. Hirschfeld, Antike Denkmäler, ii, 5). (Mommsen n. 61 even
mentions the Alcmaeonid name Αριστωνυμος.) The Gr. letters were written with
reference to the Dip., leaving the first two letters intact, either replacing
the third and fourth letters with Gr. epsilon and sigma, for the purpose of
restoring the original name which had been damaged, or replacing it with a new
name; in either case intending Αρεσ[--] or Αρισ[--]. Boardman 66, who thinks the
names fictitious, suggests Αρ[χ]εσ[τρατος] or Αρ[κ]εσ[ιλας]. For different
scenarios under which all this might have happened, as proposed by Hirschfeld,
Boardman and Mommsen, see further Mommsen 12. Furtwängler (1885), i, 317, who
has a sketch, ignored the possibility of a missing third letter and read the
second erasure as an iota, arriving at Αρεσι[--], but Hirschfeld, recognizing
the second erasure, gave Αρεσ[--] (see above). It seems impossible to decide
whether the Gr. correction of the Dip. was a restoration of the original name or
a change to a new one, unless the other Gr. names are thought to favor a reuse.
{6} for the horse name Καλ[λ]ιφορας see Mommsen 45 and nn. Note that both named
horses are stallions. {7} the white stick held by the slave intervenes (see
Mommsen 48). Cf. adj. μυλιας, `belonging to the mill'; see LSJ and Boardman 65.
{8} Phalios: cf. φαλαρος, i.e. with a white spot, which the hind mule in fact
has (M. 49 and n. 349). Mylios is the slave, not as Beazley thought, the other
mule, whose name should be [--]ις; Hirschfeld, Antike Denkmäler, ii, 6 suggests
[Τυχ]ις(?), I do not know on what evidence. M. 49-50 thinks that Sime is also a
servant.
CAVI Comments: Only three plaques bear preserved inscriptions: Berlin F 1811 A and B; F 1820
A-B; F 1814. The fragments in Athens (N.M. 2414-2417), often considered part of
the Berlin series, were separated as probably from another series by Boardman 63
because of the difference in find spot (see also ABV 687), a view which is
supported by Mommsen who points to the different height of the reserved strip
above the top maeander in 2415 (see Mommsen 63 and n. 453). The graffiti are
added later and are by a different hand: reuse? - Greifenhagen discusses the
mules harnessed to a funeral cart on F 1814 and their collars. For the
distribution of their names (Phalios and Mylios) to the two mules see Dev.[1]
72. G. explains Φαλιος from φαλαρος, `shiny,' `white.' Other inscriptions in hδΙ
are: [--]ις and Σιμες, retr. See further Athens, N.M. 2414-17. This entry needs
revision.
CAVI Number: 2249
AVI Bibliography: Furtwängler (1885), nos. 1811-1825 and 1826 (gathers unassigned frs.). —
Collignon (1888), 225ff., pl. 31 (some plaques; connected with Exekias). —
Hirschfeld (1891–2), (full publication). — Hirschfeld, (1893), 1ff., pl. 1
(reconstruction of 12 plaques, using 34 of the 45 frs.{1}). — Rumpf (1925), 334
(review of Pfuhl; attr.). — Technau (1936), 22, pls. 14-18 (29 frs.
illustrated). — Boardman (1955), 63ff. — ABV (1956), 146/22, 687. — Greifenhagen
(1960), 84-87, fig. 1. — Arias–Hirmer–Shefton (1962), pls. 60-61. — Moore
(1968), 358. — Para. (1971), 60/22-23. — Robertson (1978), 91ff., pl. 33 (adds a
fr.). — Dev.[2] (1986), pls. 74,1-4 and 75,2. — Add.[2] (1989), 41 (bibl.). —
AttScr (1990), no. 140 (errors!). — H. Mommsen (1997a), 7, 11-13, 27ff., pls. 1,
1a, 1b (F 1811A-B), colored pl. 1 (B only); 44ff., pls. 13, 13a (F 1820A-B);
47ff., pls. 14, 14a, colored pl. 3 (F 1814).
CAVI / AVI Data from Henry Immerwahr's Corpus of Attic Vase Inscriptions (CAVI), updated by Rudoph Wachter's Attic Vase Inscriptions (AVI)
