28. Warriors
The single warrior is basically a Greek subject though not very common in Greek glyptic. In our series most are naked, with spear and shield, rarely sword. There are some archers, especially some testing their arrows, which is decidedly Greek in inspiration and appears on Greek scarabs, and a slinger; also Greek are the arming warrior and others in more ambitious poses or more elaborately detailed (28/2). The shields often show a baldric, so not hoplitic, and some of the dress is apparently Scythian (archers) or more readily matched in Cyprus than in Greece. The dorydrepanon is unexpected (28/39). The types where the figure holds a club are very common and related in some way to Greek Herakles figures without necessarily representing the Greek hero.
A. Walking, alone
None are helmeted. All have shield and spear.
West
28/1 Ibiza no. 168 (Madrid 37007). BL. IV
28/2 Tharros pl. 62g (BM ANE 127214). AG pl. 7.48; London no. 405, pl.7; Zazoff, pl. 22.4. BH. Warrior in helmet, elaborate corselet, greaves, holds spear and shield with profile satyr head as device, on baldric. I
28/3 Cagliari 19845, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.52. BH;PB; on a gold hoop A. Chlamys. III
28/4 From Caralis, Taramelli, 161-2, fig. 77. BH. Corselet and skirt.
28/5 Biggio pl. 19.3, from Sulcis. BH;PB;EXnb. Chlamys.
28/6 Monte Sirai I, pl. 52.3, II, fig. 4; Saggi Fenici I, pl. 7.11 (62/156) (Bondi); Studia Punica 10 (1996) fig. 8.11 (Moscati). BH. Naked, spear lowered; flower behind.
No image available
28/7 From Utica, tomb 4. BullArch 1924, 145, fig. 2. BH. Corselet and skirt.
No image available
28/8 Kerkouan Museum. REPPAL 9 (1995) pl. 4.34. BH. II
No image available
East
28/9 Paris, Louvre AO 17389, from Ras Shamra (with pottery and coins of just after 400 BC). R.A. Stucky, Ras Shamra.Leukos Limen (1983) pl. 27.1; Nunn no. 68. BL. Spear lowered. Gouged. IV
No image available
28/10 'From Syria/Lebanon'. Private Coll. BH. Holding sword (?) in lowered hand.
No image available
Other
28/11 Switzerland, private (W/B no. 700). BH. Shield on baldric. III
No image available
28/11A Malibu, Getty no. 105. BH. III
B. Kneeling/running, alone
A few seem static but several look round, as if pursued. Most are naked and helmetless, with spear and shield (side-on).
West
28/12 Cadiz, private, from Cadiz. Lopez de la Orden, no. 15. BL;EXO.
No image available
28/13 Barcelona (269), from Ampurias. With helmet and chlamys.
No image available
28/14 Ibiza no. 169 (Ibiza 3815). BH. IV
28/15 Ibiza no. 170 (Ibiza 3208). BH. Frontal shield. IV
28/16 Ibiza no. 171 (Madrid 36996). BH;PB. Chlamys. I
28/17 Ibiza no. 172 (Madrid 36995). BH;PB. Chlamys, a vine above. I
28/18 Ibiza no. 173 (Ibiza 3216). BH;PB. IV
28/19 Ibiza no. 174 (Ibiza 3617). BL. IV
28/20 Ibiza no. 175 (Barcelona 9349). BH;PB. Baldric. III
28/21 Ibiza no. 176 (Barcelona 9357). BH. Looks back. III
28/22 Ibiza no. 177 (Ibiza 4040). BH. Looks back, baldric. I
28/23 Ibiza no. 178 (Barcelona 9382). BH. Looks back, baldric. I
28/24 Ibiza 3791 (missing). Mem.Junta 58 (1923) pl. 8B1; Fernandez/Padro, no. 48. BH.
No image available
28/25 Ibiza 3130 (missing). Mem.Junta 6 (1918) pl. 2A; Fernandez/Padro, no. 70. BH.
No image available
28/26 Tharros pl. 62f (BM ANE 133239). BH. Front of figure only; baldric. III
28/27 Tharros pl. 62e (BM ANE 133311). BH. Front of figure only. III
28/28 Cagliari 19863, from Tharros. Pale; BL. Chlamys(?). IV
28/29 Cagliari 9478 (Spano 7), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.50. BH; PB. Looks round; baldric shown. III
28/30 Cagliari 19852, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.43. BH. Looks round. III
28/31 Cagliari 9546 (Spano 45), from Tharros. BL. Looks round. III/IV
28/32 Cagliari 9533 (Spano 88), from Tharros. Broken; BH. Looks round.
No image available
28/33 Cagliari 8, from Tharros. BL. Looks round; helmet, shield frontal.
No image available
28/34 Cagliari 19846, from Tharros. BH. With helmet, corselet, frontal shield and sword. III
28/35 Cagliari 19848, from Tharros. BH; on gold hoop B. AG pl. 15.47. With chlamys. I
28/36 Cagliari 35136 (once Gouin). BH. With helmet. III
28/37 Cagliari 9492 (Spano 80), from Tharros. BH. With chlamys. III
28/38 Cagliari 19850, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.30. BH. III
28/39 Cagliari 9505 (Spano 58), from Tharros. BH. With helmet, chlamys and dorydrepanon. III
28/40 Cagliari 372, from Tharros. Anecd pl. 26.B27. BH. IV
28/41 Cagliari 19849, from Tharros. BH. With chlamys. IV
28/42 Cagliari 373, from Tharros. Anecd pl. 26.B26. BL. IV
28/43 Cagliari 352, from Tharros. BL. I
28/44 Cagliari. AG pl. 15.49. BH. With corselet and frontal shield with cross device. III
No image available
28/45 From Cagliari (Coll. Timon). Ebers, pl. H 70. BH.
28/46 Cagliari, from Tharros. RSF 24 Suppl. (1996) pl. 1.5, 96, fig. 2b (Acquaro). BH. With spear.
No image available
28/47 Biggio pl. 20.4, from Sulcis. BH;PB. With helmet and chlamys; profile relief satyr head on shield; cf. 28/2.
28/48 From Villaricos. Astruc, pl. 32.32. BH.
No image available
28/49 Switzerland, private, from Motya (W/B no. 698). BL. Looks round. IV
No image available
28/50 Carthage no. 626. BH. I
28/51 Carthage no. 627. BH. With helmet. III
28/52 Carthage no. 628. BL. IV
No image available
28/53 Carthage no. 629. BH. IV
No image available
28/55 Carthage no. 631. BH. With helmet; shield frontal. IV
28/56 Carthage no. 632. BH. Looks round. IV
No image available
28/57 Carthage no. 633. BH. Looks round. III
28/58 Carthage no. 634. BH. Looks round; shield frontal. II/III
28/59 Carthage no. 635. BH. Looks round; with helmet; shield frontal. III
28/60 Carthage no. 637. BH. Looks round. III
28/61 Carthage no. 638. BL. IV
No image available
28/62 New York, Rosen 200, from Tunisia. BL. Looks round. IV
28/63 Rome 107986. RPA 30/31 (1957/9) 226, fig. 6. BH.
No image available
28/64 Rome 126344. RPA 30/31 (1957/9) 226, fig. 7. BL.
No image available
Other
28/65 Sternberg, Aukt. 24 (1990) no. 407. BH. Dot circle behind (wreath?).
No image available
28/66 Switzerland, private (W/B no. 697). BH. III
No image available
28/67 Switzerland, private (W/B no. 699). BH. III
No image available
28/68 London, BM ANE 1954.3-2.1. BH;PB.
No image available
28/69 London no. 323, pl. 6. AG pl. 7.46. BH. With helmet and chlamys. III
No image available
28/70 Copenhagen, NM. BH. Kneeling properly, with helmet. III
C. Bowman tests arrow
The motif is familiar in Greek archaic glyptic: AGGems nos. 346, 347. The figure kneels.
West
28/71 Ibiza no. 184. Sternberg, Aukt. 24 (1990) no. 408. BH;PB. Bow at back. III
No image available
28/72 Cagliari 19860, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.22. BL. IV
28/73 Cagliari 35111 (once Gouin). BH. Bow over shoulder. III
28/74 Carthage no. 611. BH. With chlamys; bow over forearm. IV
28/74A Carthage no. 630. BH. IV
28/75 Kerkouan Museum. REPPAL 9 (1995) pl. 13.31. BH.
No image available
East
28/76 Oxford III, no. 480 (1911.254), from north of Ras el-Ain. III
Other
28/77 London no. 324. AG pl. 7.49. BH. III
D. Warrior or bowman also holding lowered club
The club is not a normal Greek weapon,but these figures are not Herakles although some poses in this and the following section must be inspired by Heraklean motifs. Perhaps the club remained a significant part of warrior equipment in the Phoenician world, but the nakedness is Greek. Most are kneeling.
West
28/78 Ibiza no. 186 (Madrid 37005). BH;PB. Holding bow. III
28/79 Ibiza no. 187 (Moreno 4). BH;EXnb. Holding bow. I
28/80 Ibiza no. 188 (Ibiza 6153+). BH. Fragment.
28/81 Ibiza no. 189 (Boston 27.765, LHG no. 13bis, pl. 2). BH. Standing, with bow. III
28/82 Ibiza no. 191 (Barcelona 9290). BH.EXnb. Standing, with chlamys and bow. II/IV
28/83 Tharros pl. 63a (BM ANE 133310), London no. 401, pl. 7. BH. Standing, holds bow. III
28/84 Tharros pl. 63c (BM ANE 133365). Fragment.
28/85 Cagliari 9503 (Spano 69), from Tharros. OrAnt 23 (1984) pl. 8.4 (Acquaro). BL. Standing, holding bow; legs crossed, to adjust sandal(?). IV
28/86 Cagliari 22944. Two halves of different scarabs. BH. One part - rear of warrior with lowered club; the other - running with frontal shield and spear. III
28/87 Cagliari 19851, from Tharros. BH. With shield. IV
28/88 Cagliari 9520 (Spano 97), from Tharros. BH. Holds bow. III
28/89 Cagliari 9536 (Spano 96), from Tharros. BH. Holds bow. I
28/90 Cagliari 19855, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.25. BH. Holds bow and arrow. I
28/91 Cagliari 19856, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.23. BH. Holds bow. I/III
28/92 Cagliari. AG pl. 15.27. BH. Holds bow. I
No image available
28/93 Carthage no. 636. BL; on silver hoop B. Holds bow. III
No image available
28/94 Carthage no. 609. BH. Standing, holds bow. I
No image available
East
28/95 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2808, pl. 19, from Tyre. BH. Holds bow. I
Other
28/96 New York, Rosen 214. BH. Holds bow. I
E. Bowman or warrior holds raised club. See under C.
West
28/99 Cagliari 19859, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.28. BH; on silver hoop C. With bow, club in air. III
28/100 Penco Coll., from Tharros. BAS 5, 123-124. With bow.
No image available
28/101 Cagliari, from Caralis. Taramelli, 161, fig. 76. BH. With spear and frontal shield.
East
28/102 Oxford III, no. 559, pl. 18 (1891.638), from Cyprus. Reyes, no. 124. BL. Short dress; with quiver. Local hellenizing style.
28/103 Jerusalem IAA 32.497, from Atlit. AJBA 1 (1968) 52, pl. 1.5 (Culican); QDAP 2 (1933) no. 497; CSAPI no. 5. BH. With quiver. I
Other
28/104 Philadelphia E. 13091. Antike Welt 31.6 (2000) 668, fig. 9. BH;PB. With bow. IV
28/105 Basel (once von Bissing Coll.). Hornung/Stehelin, pl. 104.922. BL;EXCR.
No image available
F. Slinger
The figures are naked, kneeling with one foot extended. The pose is that adopted for some archers in Greek glyptic: AGGems nos. 247, 336.
West
28/106 Cadiz Mus., from Cadiz. Madrider Mitteilungen 22 (1981) pl. 21a-c; Lopez de la Oren, no. 22. BH;PB. Facing a profile head of a satyr.
No image available
28/107 Cagliari 9529 (Spano 96), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.76. BH. Facing a small bird. I
No image available
Other
28/108 Geneva I, no. 153, pl. 62. Zazoff, pl. 21.10. BH; on gold hoop B. With chlamys. I
G. Other single warriors, various poses
West
28/109 Ibiza no. 163. BH. A warrior in helmet puts on a greave. For the subject see AGGems no 323. I
28/110 Ibiza no. 164 (Madrid 37000). BH;PB. A warrior in corselet puts on a greave; helmet below, spear behind. III
28/111 Ibiza no. 165 (Madrid 37001). BH. A warrior in helmet and corselet puts on a greave; shield and spear behind. III
28/112 Ibiza no. 166 (Madrid 36997). Fest.Hausmann (1982) pl. 66.11 (Boardman). BH. A kneeling warrior with helmet, corselet, chlamys?, two spears and frontal shield holds up a small round object (offering or die?) over a roughly sketched rectangle (table or altar?). III
28/113 Ibiza no. 179 (Boston 27.660, LHG no. 13. BH. Kneeling youth with bow over arm, holding a cock. I
28/114 Ibiza no. 180. BH. Kneeling youth with quiver draws a bow. III
No image available
28/115 Ibiza no. 181. BH. As the last. III
No image available
28/117 Ibiza no. 183 (Madrid 37021). BH. Standing warrior with shield at back strings a bow. IV
28/119 Cagliari 351, from Tharros. AG pl. 16.78. BH. Standing, with club held on ground, and holding a crooked stick (?). III
28/121 Cagliari 349, from Tharros. BH. Kneeling, drawing bow. IV
No image available
28/124 London no. 406, pl. 7, from Tharros. AG pl. 8.48. BH;PB; on a gold hoop B. Leaping Scythian bowman looking round and drawing his bow; full sleeved and trousered dress, with quiver. I
28/125 Spano Coll., from Tharros. Marmora, pl. B 81. BH. Scythian kneeling, in full dress with quiver, drawing bow.
28/126 Kerkouan Museum. REPPAL 9 (1995) pl. 14.33. BH. A naked man kneels drawing a bow, with bowcase. III
No image available
Other
28/127 Paris, BN 1082bis (E278). AG pl. 9.24; GGFR pl. 420. BH;PB; on a gold hoop B. Youth kneeling with leg extended behind him, holding shield and spear; bowcase hangs above; wreath below. A stiff version of the Greek warriors of AGGems nos. 264-5? I
8/128 Paris, BN, Chandon de Briailles. BH;PB. BH. Youth in helmet puts on a greave. Cf. AGGems no. 323, pl. 22. I
28/129 Jerusalem, Borowski Coll. Sternberg, Aukt. 24 (1990) no. 411. BH. Bearded warrior with shield and scabbard, corselet and greaves, no helmet, raises an arm to throw a stone.
28/130 Oxford. BH; in gold mount with cable wire sides. Naked, walking with shouldered club. IV
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H. Groups of warriors
Compare the oriental treatment of the fighting groups, 18.
West
28/131 Ibiza no. 161. BH;EXnb. A warrior in profile, fully dressed, with Corinthian helmet, corselet, shield and spear, a dog beside him; before him a frontal bearded horseman wearing a himation, hand raised to the warrior. I
28/132 Ibiza no. 162. BH. A warrior strikes down with a sword a small naked figure, holding his hair. III
No image available
28/133 Cagliari 9499 (Spano 30), from Tharros. AG pl. 15.48. BH;EXO. Four warriors with spears. II/III
28/134 Vernon Coll., from Tharros. Marmora, pl. B 109. BH. A warrior strikes down another with a sword; both with helmet and shield.
Other
28/135 London, BM ANE 1954.3-2.1. 'Warriors advancing'.
No image available
28/136 Malibu. IR no. 116. Dressed warrior strikes down with sword a cowering old man, holding his hair. Death of Priam ? A trident mark over the victim. III
Other materials
Type A
West
28/X1 Cadiz Mus., from Cadiz. Lopez de la Orden, no. 16. Cornelian. BH;EXO; in gold mount.
No image available
28/X2 Cadiz Mus., from Cadiz. Lopez de la Orden, no. 17. Cornelian. BH. Bearded, with spear and shield on baldric with relief satyr head device.
No image available
East
28/X4 From Kamid el-Loz. Kamid el-Loz XV (1996) no. 71. Blue glass scaraboid.
No image available
Type B
West
28/X6 Ibiza no. 238 (Madrid 37556). Green glass. BL
No image available
28/X8 Carthage no. 708, from Utica. Quillard, no. 71, pl. 7b. Chalcedony. BH;EXO; in gold mount and hoop C. With sword and frontal shield.
28/X9 Karthago II, no. 710. Clay bulla. BH. Looks round.
No image available
28/X10 From Utica. BullArch 1926, 226, T.6. Cornelian. On twisted gold hoop A.
No image available
East
28/X12 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2819, pl. 19. Cornelian. BH; in a silver mount. Looking back, with helmet, corselet, greaves, shield and spear.
28/X13 Paris, Bibl.Nat., de Clercq no. 2820, pl. 19. Cornelian. In a silver mount. Looking back, with helmet, shield and spear.
Other
28/X15 Sternberg, Aukt. 27 (1994) no. 683. Clear glass scaraboid. BL.
No image available
Type C
28/X16 Jerusalem IAA 32.629, from Atlit. QDAP 2 (1933) no. 629; CSAPI no. 10. Cornelian. BH; on silver hoop B. Naked youth with arms held as for arrow, but none shown. III
Type E
28/X17 Karthago II, no. 569. Clay bulla. BH; in mount.
No image available
28/X19 London no. 438, pl. 8. Zazoff, pl. 22.8. Cornelian. BL. With quiver.
No image available
Type G
West
28/X20 Ibiza no. 229 (Ibiza 2889). Grey chalcedony. BH;EXO. Kneeling warrior with Corinthian helmet and shield, leaning on his spear.
28/X21 Busacchi Coll. Cornelian. BH. Scythian draws bow raised in air; winged disc above (?).
No image available
28/X22 Utica, from Utica. Karthago 2 (1951) 35, fig. 10; A. Lézine, Utique (1970) fig. 48. Chalcedony. BH;EXnb. Kneeling warrior wearing corselet and helmet with feathers, quiver, draws a bow.
No image available
28/X23 Tunis, from Carthage. Red jasper? BH; in gold ring and plain mount. Kneeling warrior wearing corselet and sword, spear raised, shield held forward, side-on.
28/X24 Once Munich, Arndt A 1287, from Capranica (S. Etruria). Fest.Himmelmann pl. 33.3 (Boardman). Cornelian. BH. As the last; small kneeling goat in front; star behind; winged disc above with falcon at centre.
Other
28/X25 Geneva I, no. 154, pl. 62. Clear glass. BH. Scythian draws bow, legs crossed; quiver at waist; 'owl' on tendril in front; flower behind.
No image available
28/X26 London market, Christie's 13.7.1983, no. 160. Mottled jasper. In elaborate gold mount with net mesh over scarab back. Warrior and dog (indistinct).
Type H
28/X27 Cagliari 19883, from Tharros. AG pl. 15.77. Clear agate. BH; on a gold mount C. Warrior stands with helmet and spear, shield behind him; before him a boy holding jug and cup.
28/X28 Once Vannutelli, from Greece. AG pl. 9.16. 'Black agate'. BH;PB. Replica of IR no. 116, with the victim wearing a pointed cap (easterner?).
No image available
28/X29 Unknown. Replica of the last, with inverted T behind the warrior.
No image available
